{"id":3685,"date":"2023-09-02T09:46:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T09:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/?p=3685"},"modified":"2025-02-26T09:28:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T09:28:12","slug":"datepalm-tissueculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/datepalm-tissueculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Tissue Culture and Micro propagation of Date palm"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Date Palm tissue culture protocol<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Date palm tissue culture is a method that uses the multiplication of asexual plant cells to produce fruitful date palm seedlings on a mass scale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The propagation of the date palm (tissue culture) method will be mentioned briefly in the continuation of this article. The Medjool tissue culture and the Barhi tissue culture plants are the world&#8217;s most expensive and popular date palm seedlings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are two primary methods for producing date palm plants using tissue culture and micropropagation:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Direct somatic embryogenesis<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 Organogenesis<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">photo1<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3686 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm.jpg\" alt=\"date palm tissue culture\" width=\"700\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm.jpg 700w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm-200x89.jpg 200w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm-400x178.jpg 400w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/invitrodatepalm-600x267.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The guidance of the Date palm Micropropagation method<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Production of date palm seedlings by tissue culture technique<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">First Step: Preparation of explants<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Explant or genetic material are actually the primary asexual cells that are derived from the shoots of mother trees. The separation of offshoots from the mother tree happens in the cold season of the year when the tree has the minimum physiological activity. The offshoot with two years old and above, weighing about 20 to 25 kg and 1.5 meters in height, is the best option for separation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">After transferring the separated offshoots to the laboratory, remove the remaining extra organs, such as branches. Then carefully cut the bottom of the offshoots, and throw it away. Now, there should be about 50 cm left from the side. Then, cut the resulting branch until you reach a soft white tissue. Pay attention that the branches must keep the lignin zed base. Finally, it should remain an explant, which is 6 to 8 cm long and 3 to 4 cm wide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">fig2. micropropagation stages<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3687 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/commercial-datepalm.jpg\" alt=\"date palm micropropagation stages\" width=\"550\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/commercial-datepalm.jpg 550w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/commercial-datepalm-253x300.jpg 253w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/commercial-datepalm-200x237.jpg 200w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/commercial-datepalm-400x474.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Second Step: Disinfection<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Place the lignin base explant into an antioxidant solution. The mentioned solution should be containing 150 mg\/l of citric acid and 100 mg\/l of ascorbic acid. One of the substantial tasks of this solution is to preserve the explant until the time of cultivation and protect it against browning (phenolization).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the next step, sterilize the explant tip for 20 minutes with a fungicide solution such as Mancozeb and wash it three times with autoclaved distilled water. Then, immerse the explant in 9% NaOCl sodium hypochlorite solution with a few drops of Tween 20 for 5 minutes under vacuum and for 20 minutes under normal pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Third Step: Initiation<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The initial culture medium includes the MS medium containing a small amount of ammonium ions along with plants growth regulators (plant hormones) 0.3 to 0.1 mg\/liter. The pH of the culture medium must set to 5.7 before adding agar and autoclaving. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">After preparing the culture medium, remove the explant from the solution in the gentle flow of the laminar hood and place it directly into the culture medium without any washing. The inoculation phase begins after planting, where the explants should be placed in a dark growth room for 3 to 4 weeks. Then, according to the success rate of inoculation, the explants are placed in a 16-hour photoperiod.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fourth step: Multiplication<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The culture medium of this stage is similar to the Initiation stage, but the main difference is in the hormones and concentrations used in it. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At this stage, we use BA, NAA, NOA, IAA, and Kinetin hormones with a concentration range of 0.5 to 5 mg\/liter. The most important task at this stage is to separate the developed seedlings from other sprouts because the grown seedlings prevent the growth of other potential seedlings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">fig3. in-vitro date palm<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3688 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/micropropagation-date-palm.jpg\" alt=\"stage of date palm invitro\" width=\"600\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/micropropagation-date-palm.jpg 600w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/micropropagation-date-palm-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/micropropagation-date-palm-200x147.jpg 200w, https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/micropropagation-date-palm-400x295.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fifth Step: Elongation and Rooting<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An adequate period for the explant elongation can last from a few weeks to a few months (depending on the date palm variety). The seedlings that had better growth will transferred to the rooting medium. The recommended rooting environment for date palms includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1 mg\/lit NAA <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.5 mg\/lit BAP <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.5 mg\/litKinetin <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">0.5 mg\/litGA3 <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In various research, the NAA hormone has shown better efficiency and performance than IBA and IAA hormones in date palm rooting. The explants should be placed in the mentioned medium for 10 to 15 days. After this period, they will transfer to a similar culture medium with different concentrations of plant growth regulators according to the type of date palm variety and the degree of growth in the previous culture medium.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sixth Step: Acclimatization<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In order to find out and make sure whether the right time has come to transfer the seedlings to the adaptation stage, we must pay attention to the following points:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Seedlings should have two to three large and healthy leaves without twisting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The stem should have a height of about 1 to 10 cm from the base to the leaves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The stem base should have a crown-pear shape.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The root system must be at least 5 cm long.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If the explant has all the mentioned characteristics, it is ready for acclimatization. The first step to start the acclimatization phase is washing the roots with distilled water to remove the agar and the culture medium. Then, to prevent fungal infections, the seedlings are disinfected using a 0.5% Benlate fungicide solution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finally, the explants should be placed in a suitable rooting medium, such as peat moss and cocopeat. (With a proper humidity rate inside the greenhouse). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Warning: The article you read is not a complete Protocol or a commercial method for date palm tissue culture. This short article is only a general principle, so these instructions are not enough for mass-scale production.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Date Palm tissue culture protocol Date palm tissue culture is a method that uses the multiplication of asexual plant cells to produce fruitful date palm seedlings on a mass scale. The propagation of the date palm (tissue culture) method will be mentioned briefly in the continuation of this article. The Medjool tissue culture and the &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116,45],"tags":[102,103,100,101],"class_list":["post-3685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-datepalm","category-tissueculture","tag-barhi-tissue-culture","tag-date-palm-protocole","tag-date-palm-tissue-culture","tag-medjool-tissue-culture"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.3 (Yoast SEO v26.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Tissue Culture and Micro propagation of Date palm - Date palm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"date palm tissue culture and micropropagation is a technique for the mass production of saplings. best date palm tissue culture plants\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/datepalm-tissueculture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tissue Culture and Micro propagation of Date palm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"date palm tissue culture and micropropagation is a technique for the mass production of saplings. best date palm tissue culture plants\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/datepalm-tissueculture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Agrinet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-02T09:46:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-26T09:28:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/datepalm-tc.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"566\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"371\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/datepalm-tissueculture\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/agrinet.ir\/eng\/datepalm-tissueculture\/\",\"name\":\"Tissue Culture and Micro propagation of Date palm - 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